FITTING IN YOUR MACROS

An interesting discussion (well kind of) last week has prompted me to write this, not to disprove the apparent thing I claimed was wrong and so disapproved of but to take a look at it with a little more Read more

TRANSFORMATIONS

  I pondered on this quite some time ago and after a discussion yesterday and a brief interchange this morning at work decided I would write a little something. I've always knew there will be sceptics, those that will, with no Read more

IS IT REALLY OBESITY THAT'S THE ISSUE?

  Over the last few years I’ve been thinking of ways in which to pick a fight and how it could conceivably be won. I am still in the process of bringing together a strategy but in the meantime I’ve Read more

FITTING IN YOUR MACROS

Posted on by Phil Learney in GENERAL STUFF, NUTRITION | 1 Comment

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An interesting discussion (well kind of) last week has prompted me to write this, not to disprove the apparent thing I claimed was wrong and so disapproved of but to take a look at it with a little more detail.

As you all well know I like to use analogies (once again much to the displeasure of many) but frankly you can suck it up as science is all well and good but if you can’t make head nor tail of anything you’re talking about its all pretty useless. A large percentage of the people, trainers included do not for the most part have a clue what it all means so therefore get confused, sometimes creating what they ‘think’ they know about it. This is where the problem largely lies, in ‘interpretation’. Ask any of your clients how hard they work when they’re in the gym. How many tell you ‘I give it everything’ and we all know that even those of us that probably come close to that are at best 60%. It’s interpretation based on past experience or perception. I watched an IFBB pro train fairly recently and what I ‘perceived’ as hard training I was wrong. I now work harder than EVER before. 

‘Trying something is VERY different to doing something. I get hundreds of people every year tell me they have ‘tried’ everything and tell me none of it worked. The second I get them to ‘DO’ something strangely it always ends up in results’
Phil Learney 2013
 
Just have a look at below and ask yourself and your clients that have all ‘tried everything’ and give a grade for each, hardly an exhaustive list but a few things, scale each one out of 10 and remember a plan is only as good as it’s execution:
 
Nutritional Plan
Nutritional Execution
 
Macronutrient Plan
Macronutrient Execution
 
Digestion
Sleep/Recovery
 
Training Plan-
 
Timing
Sets
Reps
Rest
Overload
Tempo
Periodisation
Intensity
Volume
 
Training Execution

BEING THE POPULAR KID AND IT’S RELEVANCE

whizkidsaction1b
 
You had the latest video games, the latest trainers, your parents had a nice house, you where perhaps just an all out handsome devil the ladies loved. Whatever it was, popularity has always been a big thing and will always be. I like being popular like everyone else. I don’t want people ‘hating on me’ because of my opinion or thought processes but hey, we live in a modern world that’s sees people with a different style or opinion as odd (for most of you reading this you will get what I’m talking about am sure, most of the people by default who read my stuff do things a little differently in life). Much like being the kid who brought the alcohol to the under 16s disco people like to be given access or allowed to do things they things that for the most part they know they shouldn’t.

If we take possibly one of the most successful dietary systems of all time, weight watchers. It’s a system formally based on taking ANY food item and giving it an array of points based upon its caloric value. This means that you can eat anything, even made more popular as some of the largest and most affluent food chains joined forces to allow its participants access to their foods (what they often masquarade as….food that is). Now what makes it so popular is this simple fact, you can eat anything provided it fits within your allocation of points. You can even accrue more things to consume if you exercise. Sounds dumb right? They have now taken that concept and created a more advanced version what they now saying ‘It Incorporates a decade of science compared to the prior Points-based plans’ The advancement being for the most part that now it calculates its points based on fitting in with you macronutrient values.

I dealt with one of the leaders of weight watchers a few years back (many will have heard you tell me this story). I eradicated the ‘poor’ foods from her system and created a plan from what she already knew based on points but this time coming from macronutrients, protein carbs and fats. I, in essence created the ‘pro points system’ and the decades of science in about 2 hours one afternoon (and upon writing that feel I may have missed a trick….but anyways). Was my client successful I hear you ask, YES, notably more successful than before but certainly not ground breaking as conformity to this flexible form of dieting was still a challenge as whatever way we looked at it it was rules. I gave her an inch she would take a mile, I gave her a food she would psychologically crave but in her head knew was NOT conducive with her goals she would crack and in the 2-3 days between our gym sessions a binge will have started and never stopped. She would have often stayed within the plan but in the process digestion would have been compromised, food and her relationship with it would have taken steps backwards and we where back to square one. Protein drinks with ice cream would replace plates of vegetable and fish, could I say much as in essence she stuck to the plan?? Much like the previous ‘points’ system when women would stockpile points to gorge on red wine or chocolate only to sob when ‘weighing in’ knowing that they did what was asked of them yet everyone in the room would look at them like they where lying. 

Any system that someone has had success from it creates those that love it and will ‘have it’s back’ through thick and thin. Across 30 countries there are over 42,000 meetings weekly of weight watchers, it has the approval of the National Health Service in the UK and makes over $1 Billion a year. There are over 2 million active members in the UK alone so a LOT of people have it’s back for both financial and supportive reasons.
 
I dare anyone here to go on their facebook page and tell them its all a big joke…… :roll:
 
So based on the discussion and observations I made last week I had a few of the 2 million members arguing that to get lean and ripped this model is simply all you need? It’s based on macronutrient targets and you have flexibility within your diet to consume whatever you please as long as it fits your macros. Or am I missing something?
 
Am I also missing the point here:
 
‘IIFYM is the perfect human diet. IIFYM is the reason why ALL diets works but not why they fail. If you are defy broscience and try something different, then you will love IIFYM. Eat the foods you love and watch the fat melt off. IIFYM works 100% of the time’. 
 
IIFYM website, bad english and bad claims
 
The site promoting it also tells me in plain english that it is based on a caloric model and this is where the science comes from. People only eat clean to reduce their caloric intake? Really? That right there is this the supposed ‘broscience’. 
 
‘A report in the April 2007 issue of The American Psychologist showed up to 66 percent of individuals following the caloric model of weight loss end up fatter two years later than they were when they started the diet. Any other model, in any other discipline, with a failure rate this high would have been discarded long ago and labeled as useless’.
The lowering of calories also lowers Testosterone, Oestradiol and Progesterone, increases sensitivity to insulin and leptin, increases ghrelin levels and thyroid hormones decline…..but if you lower your calories you’ll get ripped?

My observation lies in the poor interpretation and was based around the fact having this system or ‘methods’ backed by people who don’t have the proof of it’s success and only loosely follow the selling pitch of the IIFYM website:

 
‘Eat the foods you love and watch the fat melt off. IIFYM works 100% of the time’.
Someone once told me the fragrance ‘sex panther’ had a similar effect.
 
Am I saying the concept of eating ‘dirty foods’ on occasions doesn’t help with both the psychology and condusiveness to certain types of dieting. NO
 
Am I saying that in certain people it would not have a positive effect on their metabolic rate over a dietary period. Even make some people leaner? NO  (I wrote two articles on cheat meals quite some time ago on this subject).
 
If all of the claims above are true the weight watchers ‘pro points system’ beat you all too it and frankly I’m yet to see the ripped physiques coming from their 2 million UK members and however many worldwide members they may have.
 
Flexible dieting as it’s known and the concept of IIFYM is NO different to anything that has been done for decades. At points I give all of my clients days off, meals off, hell I even have to force some of them to stop training and eat something ‘off piste’. Why? Because it gives them a psychological break, it gives them a push to get back onto it 100%, ramps certain useful hormones and makes others decline. The issue lies in the consideration of who, what, where and when of it’s application. THIS is the bit that annoys me and gave me the observational point. 
 
Back to being the popular kid……
 
So I’m a trainer, new in the industry. I’ve just read about this concept of IIFYM and ‘flexible dieting’ I’ve heard that I can have some junk EVERY day and I’ve seen a bunch of ripped up guys who follow this concept and remain ripped so it must work. 
 
I personally will follow this model as it sounds cool and I will also allow my Insulin resistant, food addicted, pre-diabetic 25st lady with hormonal disruption this same model. I will also give it to my 19 year old, slightly podgy boy who grew up eating these same ‘dirty foods’ at least 3-4 times EVERY day of his entire life. I will also give it to my fast burning mesomorph with the athletic background who’s got perfect bloodwork and a diet that is 80% right (for most of you thats probably less than 3% of the people you will EVER deal with).
 
Are you going to be popular in the eyes of your clients? The same clients that when they say ‘I can’t do anymore’ you say ‘thats ok’, the same clients that when novelty wears off and they get a trainer with the balls to say no at the right times and FINALLY gets them results. Yes, you’ll be popular but will you be successful is my question? 
 
You can throw me as many lean guys as you want at me and say they follow this approach. You can also tag them into my conversations and get them to fight for your very poorly equipped corner (oh and please tag them in your comments on this). If you’re lean this approach will work very well at even getting you leaner than you are now but don’t put in a blaze comment into a thread going ‘IIFYM’ when you’ve NEVER had true success with this concept and actually do not understand it. Show me your overweight clients who had a ‘dirty meal’ everyday and got shredded then I WILL perk up. 
 
People are metabolically different and at different stages of damage, digestively different and also have different psychology when it comes to food, do NOT pick up a single tool and expect it to be able to fix everyone yet people are telling me:

‘Eat the foods you love and watch the fat melt off. IIFYM works 100% of the time’.

 
Oh and DO NOT argue that a pop tart has a better nutritional and health value than real unmanufactured food……….thats plain stupid. 
 
There is a time and place for the IIFYM concept and application of it but you as a trainer or for your own personal use MUST understand when, where and HOW!.
STOP trying to be the popular kid, being the successful kid is much more fun!

TRANSFORMATIONS

Posted on by Phil Learney in GENERAL STUFF, NUTRITION, TRAINING | 11 Comments

transformers_3_dark_of_the_moon

 

I pondered on this quite some time ago and after a discussion yesterday and a brief interchange this morning at work decided I would write a little something.

I’ve always knew there will be sceptics, those that will, with no foundation of anything pass judgement. When someone achieves or accomplishes something that they have either failed at personally or know in their heart of hearts they aren’t prepared to sacrifice what needs to be done to achieve it they will dismiss it and cry all manner of things. The amusing thing is that it’s the so called professionals out there that are probably the worst. They sit on a soapbox when someone is clearly better at their job than they are and do their best to bring them down to their level. Generally making themselves look like idiots in the process.

This I am dedicating to those exact people out there claiming to be something they are not and showing a portfolio lacking distinctly in results.

DUNCE

Alongside this they have a perception of ‘what it takes’ when I assure you some barely even scratch the surface, throwing our phrases like ‘it can’t be that hard’, ‘ive done everything I can’, ‘I can’t achieve that as I don’t have the genetics’, a million other reasons I’ve heard from both clients and trainers alike. Each one based on assumption or pseudoscience . As far as I’m concerned unless you have read and fully understood every study pertaining to the subject at hand how is anyone in a position to dismiss something they no VERY little about.

I will reference someone that posted on my wall when asking about this article:

‘Throwing stones at wasps nest is funny’

This piece isn’t about throwing stones at a wasps nest as to be honest nor is it anything speculative or crazy, it isn’t stating that people are lying or deceiving others (although some are). I’m actually trying to clear the air and pat those who TRULY GET results on the back and make some of those sceptics and trolls that post all over the internet to sit down and learn something for once.

The subject at hand.

Nowadays I have a bit of a reluctance to post success stories. I try not to think the worst but on almost all occasions someone will cry photoshop, impossible, lying about the timescale, drug use, reversed photos etc etc. I have heard someone state to me after posting a picture of a good client that lost 9st.

‘it was better lighting in the after picture’

(Phil strikes head against wall)

Some basics on hypertrophy. 

There are two fundamental types of hypertrophy without getting too complicated, myofibrilar and sarcoplasmic. Myofibrilar is basically taking muscle tissue and fibres that  already exist and coaching the body to make use of them. This relies on very little change in the aesthetic look of a muscle more that it flips a switch from the brain that simply says ‘ON’ repeated stimulus coaches the body to flip the switch more efficiently over time. This is why when you look at some of the strongest people on the planet they are toned yet not big as a bodybuilder would be. They have the ability to turn almost all of those fibres on, in sequence, in fractions of a second to achieve the task at hand.

Weightlifting

Make sense?

At this point we could get very complex and start to talk about myonuclei numbers, new fiber formation, satellite cell proliferation, hyperplasia etc but that’s a whole other story that doesn’t really need explained in this article. The goal of pretty much every individual when looking at physique tranformations is increasing muscle mass and decreasing fat mass.

As the aforementioned type of feats require little in the way of aerobic metabolism the need for carbohydrates as a fuel source or to volumise muscle tissue is marginal. These use our short term energy system of ATP-PC or adenosine tri phosphate – phosphocreatine.

Now bodybuilding or volumising muscle tissue (fuelling it in the case of endurance sports) is all about a mix of both myofibrilar and sarcoplasmic hypertrophy. Strength athletes would only really utilise Sarcoplasmic hypertrophy to increase body weight. It serves little purpose in pure strength sports for the most part. Contact sports different again. These types of hypertrophy are not purely independent however and levels of growth and recruitment will be specific to an individual.

Now lets assume we have active tissue so an athlete that has the background of neurally based sequencing, rate coding and recruitment of tissue. Gymnastics, dance, weight lifting etc etc. They now have access to manipulate more fibres within tissue. These people will spend most of their training lifting for less that 10 seconds. Using, again the ATP-PC fuel system and giving muscle insufficient time to produce lactic acid, to break down and to engorge itself with blood, sarcoplasmic fluid and even glycogen. The opposite of what almost ALL compositional athletes require.

So I now have an athlete who as a child or even adult achieved a high level of muscular recruitment through their sporting history. They have only since that period trained in strength sports sporadically and due to weight classes controlled the raw forms of energy (carbohydrates) within muscle tissue.

At this point I could get very complex and start to talk about myonuclei numbers, new fiber formation, satellite cell proliferation, hyperplasia etc but that’s a whole other story that doesn’t really need explained in this article.

The goal of pretty much every individual when looking at physique tranformations is pretty clear. Increase muscle mass and decrease fat mass.

Just to clear another thing up

We can throw other factors into the mix here like perhaps a diet that was poor in protein content or an insufficient supply of amino acids, calories, fats, foods with poor amino acid profiles, poor digestion brought about by bad food choices and nutrient turnover. Stress is a LARGE factor with cortisol particularly decreasing amino acid uptake by muscle tissue, therefore inhibiting protein synthesis. I even know one highly publicised case when someone went from being a vegan to a meat eater….a significant factor. The  list i could make is endless but ALL factors in a transformation.

Someone puts a before and after picture of a client up are you in a position to speculate when you know nothing beyond a visual depiction?

Understanding composition.

When assessing composition we generally assess fat mass and lean muscle mass. This means that as a percentage if you increase lean muscle mass body fat percentage goes down……you would be amazed how many industry professionals suck at basic math and fail to grasp this.

Let me use an example.

I have a male client who is 70kg, 10% body fat consuming 100g of carbohydrate a day.  This means they have 100g of carbohydrate in going into their muscle tissue with an accompanying 300-400ml of Fluid.

I increase carbohydrate by 560-700g a day as the goal has gone from maintaining a weight class to gaining quality lean mass. They now have up to 2.1litres of fluid increasing the size and function of muscle tissue.

They go from 70kg to 73kg of lean muscle mass in a day. As in a carb depleted state they can store a considerable amount more glycogen in muscle, with accompanying water this weight is what? Fat mass? No it’s muscle mass so in two days on the new regime they now have become 73kg with an enlarged muscle mass and  a body fat percentage of 9.6%.

Have they gained 3kg of lean muscle mass? Depends on various hormonal and physiological factors. If the individual cannot cope with the level of carbs (Insulin issues) they will get fat. Simple as.

‘The reason females often see an increase in weight and initial muscular size when undertaking resistance training regimes is brought about for this reason. This, if not explained can cause issues with conformity.’

Do their muscles look fuller and has fluid moved from extracellular compartments to intracellular making their skin look thinner and leaner? Potentially yes again depending upon the physiological and hormonal factors.

The questions that lie behind the depends and potentially ‘yes’ answers are based upon a few important considerations.

What is their ability to efficiently utilise insulin like? If they are insulin resistant the level of glycogen (carbs) drawn into tissue will be limited. Assuming that someone can get very lean or at least lean eating junk food or processed foods is crap. This is to give people a ‘comfortable’ way to eat and is a commercial tool to make sure you buy into their system. Just as an alcoholic will fight against the banning of alcohol a cohort of these systematic way of eating will attest that if it fits your macros or similar crap you have a healthy efficient system. No one gets lean an healthy eating processed man made junk daily.

What is their hormonal status like? Including those that regulate fluid, electrolyte and renal status, Angiotensinogen, Aldosterone, Renin etc. Eating processed foods will ensure that fluid is compartmentalised incorrectly and organ function is less than efficient.

All factors in the onset and all ones that need overcome by consistent intelligent tweaks in diet, training and supplementation. Is your ‘fat loss expert’ capable of this or did they get lost on dropping calories and doing more aerobic exercise.

If they are insulin resistant will this occur as well? No as glycogen has no carrier into tissue so this approach would make this individual fat pretty quickly.

The I:C (Insulin:Carb) ratio would determine the amount someone could tolerate. Someone with a fully functioning pancreas can absorb under basal circumstances about 240-350g a day. Someone with this compromised it could potentially half. Using nutritional strategies this number can be brought up again though, carbs stimulate insulin production and this must be remembered. Some of the worst advice for a type 2 diabetic to get IMO is to avoid CHO fully as this just slows deterioration rather than encouraging recovery.

So, onto our athlete. Now 73kg of lean muscle mass with a lowered body fat percentage and looking aesthetically better (according to their goals) already. If they have compromised insulin production as aforementioned and/or poor electrolyte balance they will look soft as fluid will remain extracellular instead of increasing muscle mass. As a coach this would be one of your visual cues for alterations in diet if further blood analysis etc is unavailable.

Assuming this isn’t the case the transformation ball is rolling, they are also both healthier and functioning better.

Training

Now the training has gone from low repetition, high resistance, short term energy system, fast twitch fibre usage to higher repetition, prolonged time under tension, longer energy system and slow twitch fibre emphasis. This increases the capacity of glycogen storage in muscle (basic adaptation) and improves insulin sensitivity. Over a 12 week training period this would account for a further increase in muscular mass and lean weight.

In an extreme circumstance you may even be lucky enough to encounter a neurally efficient and co-ordinated athlete who hasn’t lifted at all ina. Long time.

Athlete is now 74kg and body fat percentage down further.

Diet

Protein intake, quality and timing had been improved therefore protein synthesis has been increased. Due to the change in both training and fibre type usage there comes a level of true hypertrophy and an actual increase in lean muscular mass. As food turnover has increased fat mass naturally comes down. Lets say 1kg (not unreasonable) of actual muscle mass in a 12 week period. Athlete is now 76kg with a body fat % of 7.6%

An accompanying 1% drop in fat due to improved nutrient quality and turnover over the 12 weeks means a total weight adjustment of 0.6kg so athlete is now 75.4kg with a body fat of 6.6%.

Looking leaner, more muscular and harder due to the lack of chemical influence and sodium coming from junk food. If at this stage your coach can influence Insulin and thyroid hormones through smart alterations in carb and/or caloric intake (not dramatic lowering) will bring this athlete down to 5% fairly easily over 12 weeks.

Hormonal status is now improved immensely. Stress and catabolic hormones are kept down whilst regenerative hormones kept up. Muscle tissue is protected through intelligent dietary manipulation and the athlete is flying.

No consistent calorie restriction, no starving, no crazy fat loss supplements, body is working efficiently and both the coach and athlete are working with it.

Supplements

Simple, keeping nutritional bases covered, support of all of the aforementioned systems and nothing more.

Fluid

Water intake is simple….increase it!!! An enormous array of benefits but fundamentally works with the body in its basic functions. Remember there is no use in tweaking the details when the main base of the body isn’t working.

This whole piece could pan out in hundreds of directions but I guess I felt the need to, well, perhaps justify? I don’t know. In a way I don’t care about the sceptics or the so called ‘experts’ out there as both myself and those that I work alongside get RESULTS!

We do the basics incredibly well and understand physiology. We observe and correct, change when change is appropriate.

Can I put 5-10kg of muscle mass on someone in a short period of time? YES, given the right candidate. Unlikely in a fairly well trained individual.

Have I? YES.

Can they also become leaner in the process YES.

This is all based on ‘who’ you’re dealing with and the level of experience as a trainee throughout their entire life. Also their current diet, diet history and how much this has impacted their circulatory, digestive, endocrine, immune, lymphatic, muscular, nervous, reproductive, respiratory, skeletal, and urinary systems…..yes that’s right, human physiology plays a part.

I take dismissive comments over transformations as a great sign I’m doing something right. I do however have a gripe when I understand what someone has been through to get there. The countless hours of work and dedication and some troll will dismiss their achievements in a second.

Transformation pictures are there to inspire people and show what kind of physical transformations are possible. If you don’t quite achieve what someone else does it’s a lack of dedication or specificity. GREAT coaches are there to provide that specificity and guidance the rest……well that’s up to you!

IS IT REALLY OBESITY THAT’S THE ISSUE?

Posted on by Phil Learney in GENERAL STUFF, MOTIVATION, NUTRITION | 11 Comments

 

Over the last few years I’ve been thinking of ways in which to pick a fight and how it could conceivably be won. I am still in the process of bringing together a strategy but in the meantime I’ve been putting out a few feelers to see what it actually is I will be contending against.

The greatest part of it all is that I know if pitched right and intelligently I can get a lot of people to turn the ‘I’ into a ‘we’. Because of the sheer magnitude of the problem it is something that simply can’t be done alone it requires a united front of people all willing and prepared to make a difference.

A lot of you will be thinking right now that I’m looking and talking about the root of the problem, what we all see  and that which is evident to all of us. This is the fickle side of it that actually drives many to change their lives for the better and has to be part of what is offered as almost a pleasant by-product.

One thing is for sure that a large percentage of the population wants to look better.  If in the process of addressing this, other more serious issue become rectified so be it. It all comes in the sale of it for many. If I promise to make someone look better, by default they also end up physically and mentally in a better place….cool huh.

Am I talking about addressing the adult and childhood obesity problem or is it something MUCH deeper and a larger issue than we perhaps want to admit. I am very passionate about this and for those of you that know me you may understand why. I have stepped away from directly using social networking to discuss this as under that platform people don’t understand motive and to be frank anyone can spout any kind of bullshit in small snippets. People nowadays don’t want to hear the truth, they want soundbites, gossip and scandal, they don’t want facts or statistics they would prefer to choose what they ‘want’ to believe based on limited or confusing knowledge.

This is herein where the challenge lies. How do you get through to those that don’t want to listen or don’t see the value in change.

It’s a complicated subject on all manner of levels. I’ve explained before that it’s a relatively simple concept to grasp but much like a students reluctance at times to look at a ever dwindling bank balance ignorance sometimes isn’t the easiest option. We live in a time in which we know more about education, health, science, food and human physiology. We also sadly live in a time when this knowledge can be capitalized into monetary profits. The more the gap grows between what the average person has as a base of knowledge and what science tells us the more people out there will capitalize on this fact. If we continue to eradicate basic human skills such as exercise and even food preparation from educational curriculums we are at danger of trying to force learning when it isn’t the level of teaching that’s the issue yet is often the scapegoat when parents look to why their children fail in academia. You will understand what I mean as you read on.

A lot of things remain simple but we feel we need science to compliment and often confuse them. In the process of this we leave the lay person with a lot of questions as to what’s right and what’s ultimately wrong. When billions of people believe what they do is right turning the tide becomes inherently difficult.

I’m not saying that I’m right and those billions of people are wrong. I’m saying that given my line of knowledge I feel I, alongside many others are in a better position to guide and influence what comes after us. I’m not going to tell you anything new, I’m not going to tell you anything amazing that I know and you all don’t I’m just going to spell out a few facts and you can then answer for yourself the educated path you should choose to adopt, an uneducated decision is almost as valuable as no decision at all.

What I’m asking is for you to indulge me, I’m not a wacky conspiracy theorist that feels everyone is out there to mislead, lie and deceive us, I will tell you this much though that the majority of the people out there making decisions pertaining to our health and wellbeing would take profit  primarily over any actual positive health outcomes. The world is in the right frame of mind in many respects, ‘survival of the fittest’ but it is now wealth that deems your status. The uncanny thing is that dating back centuries and even to this day many countries deem and deemed obesity as a sign of wealth and prosperity. In the western world it is not the image of obesity that is the problem, it’s the simple fact that on that path we are shortening lifespans and creating inordinate physical and mental problems on the path to obesity.

The world has changed VERY fast when it comes to diets, health and the publics perception of it. So fast infact that todays societal habits and what the big monetary players have brought quite literally to the table is a shadow on what it was as little as a decade ago. Go back a further 20-50 years our knowledge has been warped and manipulated slowly and surely to believe in what we consume. We are consumers and THAT is the way we are referred to and treated when it comes to dietary and nutritional products (this is what many class as food when infact they are ‘products’ as far diverted from food as you would ever believe).

Think about that for a second. There isn’t a single large food manufacturer thinking of us as human beings, merely cash cows and consumers. If they can get their consumer to eat in the way they wish them to eat from almost childbirth to adulthood they have business and guaranteed their income and profitability for decades to come.

There are 14 of the world largest food manufacturers listed in the fortune 500.  Combined revenue in 2009 was $244 Million. None of whom sell anything that remains in it’s natural state. None of the single ingredient foods you will have heard me speak about.

What if I was to tell you that practically every chemical deemed safe for human consumption is addictive. It’s safe as in small quantities it has been shown not to show any, what would be deemed as major side effects. These are the same rules that apply to medication. The things that list death as a potential side effect. Any of you that live in the US will know exactly what I mean in this respect. You have commercials that can legally advertise a drug that has a potential side effect of death. Why would you advertise a drug? Surely a drug would be prescribed in relation to a condition? It wouldn’t be prescribed based on you ‘asking your doctor if it’s good for you’, the tagline to a lot of these cheery adverts that will show lots of happy people living the American dream. Anyone outside of the US may be reading this and laughing but heres a good example.

 

PHARMA

 

We are consumers, that is the bottom line. No longer living and breathing organisms. Consumers  that line the pockets of people who have no morality and will happily mislead and get us all to metaphorically drink the kool aid as soon as they possibly can. We are no longer human beings, only people that will spend money making ourselves sick then spend more making ourselves better. Create the problem and create the solution. In the process create sufficient devoted consumers that when someone questions what is happening they will be defended to the hilt without moving a muscle.

‘I’m not saying don’t buy their product and buy mine, I have no financial prerogative for writing this, it’s not a book, it’s a free article, blog whatever you want to call it. I am trying to draw attention to the simple issue. The second I was to publish something like this people perceive it differently and it will be questioned more’

I am not only interested in adult and childhood obesity. The problem stems further and further from simply being the overweight kid.  We are talking about behavior, development, learning and also the impact on society.

It is interesting to note the differences in children’s behavior over the last 50 years.  The US national teachers survey showed the top 7 problems in school being:
1940

Talking out of turn

Chewing gum

Making noise

Running in the hall

Cutting in line

Dress code infractions

Littering

1990

Drug use

Alcohol abuse

Pregnancy

Suicide

Rape

Robbery

Assault

Increase in ADHD

The sharpest increase being shown between the 60s and 70s. The food industry funded numerous studies at the time to discredit the links being seen by doctors and processed food. No suprise at all that the idea was discounted. Since then many GPs have been angled towards medicating people based on symptoms rather than using intelligent deduction.

The links that lie between ADHD and diet again have strong links. ADHD has been blamed on poor teaching but again studies have suggested that bad parenting was a resultant effect of the initial bad behavior. Looking once again at the root of the bad and disruptive behavior would lead us to a better outcome and less burden on both parents and teachers as scapegoats for these issues.

There is enormous evidence that suggests that food additives and environmental chemicals are largely to blame. 1,2,3,4

Food additives have been used in increased levels since the 1960’s. All of these food additives have shown to cause irritability, restlessness, inattention and sleep disturbances in both child and adult populations. Add in the alarming amount of sugar in most of these foods you can throw hyperactivity and lowering of BDNF (Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor) into the mix. BDNF is a secreted protein encoded by the BDNF gene. It is active within the brain and responsible for memories, both long and short term, concentration and the ability to learn. Any child with any disruption in glucose metabolism will slow down BDNF’s ability to function. Feeding a child a concoction of artificial chemicals, sugars and even caffeine will over time create an addiction to something that is impacting behavior, hyperactivity and neural shutdown.

 

 

‘Let them live a little’

Anonymous Idiot

 

Are the foods we are feeding our kids creating societal and behavioural problems as well as learning difficulties? The evidence is strongly in favour of this.

In a study conducted by the BBC it was noted:

‘Superintendent Peter Bennett of the West Yorkshire police organised a study with 9 children aged 7-16 with persistent anti-social, disruptive and/or criminal behaviours. They were chronic offenders, with an average arrest rate of more than once a month. All were hyperactive. Their offences included violence, criminal damage, theft, arson, and solvent/alcohol abuse. The children remained at home in the care of their parents while following a restricted diet. The health and behaviour of all nine children improved. After 2 years, two of the subjects had abandoned the diet, re-offended and been placed in care. Two had reoffended at much reduced frequency and violence. Five of the 9 subjects had not re-offended. Researchers concluded, “the [dietary] approach appears to work within an ethical, efficient, effective, economical and preventative paradigm without harm”’ 5

In 1996 the Wolney Junior School in South London banned additive containing snack foods from their tuck shops and fruit introduced instead.  Within 2 years the school was listed as one of the most improved in the country. The success rate for 11 year olds in stage two English almost tripled from 23% in 1996 to 64% in 1998 achieving expected results.

To go back on the standardized debate quoting ‘it did me no harm’ and ‘everything in moderation’ these terms DO NOT exist anymore unless we are discussing REAL food.

 

‘When it comes down to nutrition. To quote or draw reference to a generation that you are not presently existing in is simply stupid’

 

Food has changed so drastically in the past few decades that behavioural and learning problems  are and will continue to increase. Our values and morals are eroding. Are we just in endless pursuit of instant solutions to problems.  Feeding children the same repeat and nutritionally devoid food eliminates the reaction that is given. Give them more sugar and more additives and their behavior will temporarily improve.

Is this all just people like myself perhaps scaremongering or claiming a problem that doesn’t exist. People hate to make change, it’s fairly evident when being in the industry I’m in but even the government corroborate the evidence. They just choose not to do anything about it as it means loss in profitability and offending the big food producers.

Even government funded research confirms the link between the chemicals put into foods and these issues.  Research into a group of three year-olds found they were more likely to lack concentration, lose their temper, interrupt others and struggle to get to sleep when they drank fruit juice dosed with colorings and preservatives. The study used 227 children and for two weeks they consumed fruit juice with 20mg of artificial colorings and 45mg of preservative, which are equal or below permitted levels.  For the other two weeks the same fruit juice without the additives. The report said the results showed the artificial food colorings and sodium benzoate preservative had ‘substantial effects’ on behavior. This is the tip of the iceberg as a child in the 21st century consumes considerably more than this study ever targeted, that is for certain.

The list below indicates the chemicals the government found to be associated with all of the aforementioned problems. ALL of which are permitted to be used within food.


Artificial Colors

(in sweets, drinks, takeaways, cereals and many processed foods)

  • 102 tartrazine,
  • 104 quinoline yellow,
  • 107 yellow 2G,
  • 110 sunset yellow,
  • 122 azorubine,
  • 123 amaranth,
  • 124 ponceau red,
  • 127 erythrosine,
  • 128 red 2G,
  • 129 allura red,
  • 132 indigotine,
  • 133 brilliant blue,
  • 142 green S,
  • 151 brilliant black,
  • 155 chocolate brown Natural colour,
  • 160b annatto (in yoghurts, icecreams, popcorn etc, 160a is a safe alternative)

Preservatives

  • Preservatives200-203 sorbates (in margarine, dips, cakes, fruit products)
  • 210-213 benzoates (in juices, soft drinks, cordials, syrups, medications)
  • 220-228 sulphites (in dried fruit, fruit drinks, sausages, and many others)
  • 280-283 propionates (in bread, crumpets, bakery products)
  • 249-252 nitrates, nitrites (in processed meats like ham)
  • Synthetic antioxidants – in margarines, vegetable oils, fried foods, snacks, biscuits etc
  • 310-312 Gallates 319-320 TBHQ, BHA, BHT (306-309 are safe alternatives)

Flavour enhancers – in flavoured crackers, snacks, takeaways, instant noodles, soups 621 MSG 627, 631, 635 disodium inosinate, disodium guanylate, ribonucleotides

 

These aren’t just limited to behavioural issues, any chemicals outside of this list will inevitably impact some form of development within a child.
When we discuss nutrition I see the eternal debate between the vegetarian community and the meat eating community as to which we have actually evolved to eat. Frankly I do not give a c***p. I know how each reacts upon the human being, each having it’s pros and each having it’s cons but people will still dispute if we are truly meant to eat a meat or a plant based diet. In the grand scheme of things is this a problem…….absolutely NOT. It’s a strong debate and yet again one that merits further discussion but really with the state of things as they are who cares what a human consumes as long as it is what it is in it’s natural form. This in itself would be a start.

As human beings we have capacity to digest anything that comes from food. As consumers however we are regarded as able to digest anything that is a chemical, that all possess side effects beyond evolutionary physiology. They are able to modify what a human being thinks, feels and reacts to based on how these edible concoctions are constructed. In the process they create the subtle addictions necessary to create a loyal consumer.  In the same breath they create emotional reactions that can be stemmed with further consumption. A child crying can be a strong influencer to any new parent, if the correlation exists between sugary processed food and a happy child they will continue to feed them this…..long term what is this causing though.

 

THE PROBLEM

We live in a society that knows more about science, about human physiology and nutrition than ever before.

We have more illness than ever before in society.

 Obesity now worldwide kills more people than malnourishment.

More people are dying in Britain due to being overweight or obese than anywhere else in Europe,

Around one in every 11 deaths in the UK is now linked to carrying being overweight. 

4.6 million people 20-79 years of age died from diabetes in 2011, accounting for 8.2% of global all-cause mortality of people in this age group. This is the equivalent to one death every seven seconds.

There are 12 pharmaceutical companies listed in the fortune 500. Combined revenue in 2009 was $434 Million.

Almost all of the above revenue is taxable.

 There are a million statistics I could throw in here but  you’re hopefully getting the idea.

When did all these issues start to become a global epidemic?

Who knows but all we know is that the level of modern illnesses are now at an all time high, anti social behavior is growing at an alarming rate. We are bearing witness to society deteriorating rapidly and what links do we see? What commonalities lie across the board.
Are we all being subtly poisoned to the level that it is so discreet that when behavior changes, mood alters even premature death occuring fingers cannot be pointed at things we have consumed on a daily basis for most of our lives? Not only that but they where ok’d by the government as once again ‘suitable for human consumption’

 

ALCOHOL

 

Why use Alcohol as an example? Alcohol on top of the issues I have already covered just exhasurbate the issues that have been created . We put individuals into this disrupted behavioural state then add alcohol, a potent social drug into the mix. Just to clear things up as some of you will be shutting off and muttering ‘get a life’ right now. I have no issue with consumption of anything provided it’s an educated decision and not based on a trend or what someone’s friends do. The pros and cons of anything need to be considered then a decision made. I consume alcohol on a social level but I choose not to allow it to disrupt my thought patterns or social control.

 

Alcohol accounted for 8748 deaths in Britain last year. Problem drinking costs the country and more importantly the tax payer £22 billion a year. By outlawing something that’s become so socially acceptable would create social uproar therefore much like smoking it will be drawn out until the cost to society exceeds the profit to the government.

We all know that alcohol and smoking can kill us, why do so many people across different generations see these things through different eyes. Hell, even alcohol is no longer alcohol and tobacco is no longer just tobacco, they have found ways to cut costs and appeal to younger generations and make them infinitely more addictive.

Why in the 80s did you all of a sudden find alcohol packaged as lemonade or wine coolers in familiar flavours to soft drinks?
How many adults do you know would put down their beer or wine to drink a bright coloured and sweet soft drink? Do you honestly think their market was adult consumers or was it to target a once unaccesible market. I know pretty much all of my friends in my generation consumed alcohol below the legal age. It was a ‘turn a blind eye’ or ‘it won’t do them any harm’ kind of
thought process. Until the invention of these a lot of teens never touched alcohol as in the forms it was presented in it didn’t appeal to their taste buds therefore they simply didn’t. The weddings or birthdays when parents would maybe allow you something it was often met with a clear no. as their taste buds didn’t favour the refined taste, much like coffee has evolved into all manner of sugary concoctions. Give them a sweet and familiar drink however and all problems  are solved. The parents remember that it’s how they were brought up and only remember that they ‘did it’ (drank below legal age) they don’t remember how much they enjoyed it or if they did it a lot, only  simply that they did.  It’s a generational thought process. We did it therefore we can rationalize that it’s ok for our kids to do it.

Manufacturers were aware that these slightly younger consumers weren’t likely to consume beer etc in the volumes they would require for more profit so something closer to what they where familiar with and an easy way to increase alcohol consumption would work and increase profitability and even some addicts along the way. The taxpayer would gladly pick up the tab for the endless hospital visits, extra police manpower all caused by alcohol as after all it wasn’t their responsibility as long as the company saw profit why would they care.

in 2007, 20 per cent of school pupils aged 11 to 15 reported drinking alcohol in the week prior to being asked; this figure is lower than 2001, when 26 per cent of pupils reported drinking in the last week

Understanding generational gaps.

If I hear ‘I did it and it did me no harm’ or ‘let them live a little’ when it comes to food I will tear my hair out. People seem to fail to grasp what has actually changed.

As much as people may wish to turn a blind eye. We live in a disrupted and disrespectful society far more today than even 10 years ago. We have generations of teens having children as it gives them homes and monetary benefits to potentially fuel their smoking, drug and alcohol habits. These are children raising children in the manner that they where brought up in and yes the problems lies deeper and certainly issues way beyond what I could write about in a short article.

In society there is a divide that exists, not through class but through upbringing and expectancies. You go to any low income area in the UK and what do you find. You find fast food, off licences (liquor stores), newsagents that sell lottery tickets, cigarettes and more junk food. You find bookmakers, gambling stores, nail salons, hairdressers and more recently pawnbrokers and money lenders. All of the things you would perceive useful only to those with disposable income.  These areas are also often rife with drugs problems and societal problems. Why?

People are brought up with expectancies and negativity. They see solace in ‘fixes’ things that make them live in hope (lottery tickets, gambling) and give them momentary feelings of elation (beauty treatments, tobacco, alcohol, fast food, sweets, candy etc) and when the money runs out as consumers the solution to that problem lies in the same area. Create more debt and people need more of these ‘fixes’ or a way to ‘forget’ or disregard their issues, keep going and off the back of it we have children and teens fending for themselves on the streets. Society over time becomes sympathetic to their behavior and deem it as acceptable, as adults from the previous generation see similarities and rationalize with ‘oh we where like that as kids’…..you sure about that? You played outside as kids right? Would you let your kids freely do that now?

The trends push towards the dietary issues and it Becomes a vicious circle. Disrupted kids with behavioural problems being brought up around a society with the exact same issues. Those that step away from that culture , it’s dietary and habitual undertones will be those that succeed and create a new norm.

It’s like what I say to people starting on a diet plan. If it’s in your fridge or cupboard at some point physically or mentally you WILL eat it, simply because it’s there. Why will these stores and shops never close? Because there will always be money coming to spend at them. Make bad food cheaper and more convenient for babies, children and adults it frees up cash for the rest of it.

Where do I see the most horrendous dietary practices? In these exact areas

Is it potentially a large part of the problem…YES it is.

To take a look at a particular generation and compare to what we have today will show us that even over such a small amount of time how things have changed.

 

The 70s

Kelloggs

If you’re between the age of 30-43 this was your childhood.

People started to lose the ability to handle and be able to prepare real food. Convenience food started to become readily available in supermarkets taking the emphasis off cooking and more consuming. With the invention of these came the first run of chemical additives to prolongue shelf life and add to the convenience.

Those who where kids during this time were starting to get introduced to convenience food but for the most part all food would have been prepared and made from fresh.

Sweets and candies where seen as treats as where things like coca cola, if you where lucky you would maybe consume a couple of things a week. Your parents would be default have only ever done this as it wasn’t accessible, no vending machines, garages sold very little besides, oil and fuel. Pocket money would buy a handful of sweets or a can of soda.

Your parents were perhaps subject to some of the sweets etc but they ate like adults, real, freshly prepared food and ate around a table as families. 

Your baby food was food, pureed or mashed up, most of you would be breast fed and formula was little more than powdered or fresh milk.

There was very little in the way of chemical additives in your food and the era of ‘deemed suitable for human consumption’ was only in it’s infancy.

 Most of your parents would have been in their mid twenties or early thirties and would have grown up with even less of the consumer focus. There was no bombardment of advertising, it was subtle.

Local produce, greengrocers, butchers and farmers still were the mainstay of the food people consumed. Over time these businesses would begin to lose out to the bigger players and the shift in quantity over quality began to prevail. The dawn of the supermarket began.

Food manufacturers at this stage started to realize that people loved both salt and sugar. This created and improved sales. The thought that a simple and cheap additive to food could increase revenue was born. Over the next 40-50 years the food manufacturers would push the envelope on what they could get away with for human consumption and minimize waste.

Looking at this shows how things are VERY different today. Food is a commercial thing, we eat out of enjoyment for the most part, not on a social level as it’s not a social event anymore. We consume food based on physical enjoyment and emotional enjoyment.

HOW ARE WE GOING TO IMPACT CHANGE.

 

‘When you can’t affect change from within, you have an obligation if you’re at all conscious  to get out and try something different’

 

As long as these large manufacturers continue to pay taxes and turn profit the emphasis will always lie in consumer demand. There is the thought that it lies in schools and educating the children. It sadly doesn’t.

We are influenced across generations, not just a single generation. We are taught by those who came before us and learn from those same people. We also draw influence and habits from those people.

Without a multigenerational approach we will fail.  Targetting schools and children is not enough. Without educating parents in both the rationelle and practice we will always endevour to fail. Parents from the past 2-3 generations need to be re-educated in foods and the preparation of foods. Nutrition is too advanced to expect people to learn in detail. HEALTH must remain at the forefront, this and both the behavioural and educational development of our future generations. Society is at danger of slipping into a period of self destruction and foods are playing a large part.

The value of local produce and value of farming practices needs to be re-emphasised.  REAL food needs to be encouraged and stricter laws administered across schools and our educational systems with regards to what is permissible to consume and what is not. This CANNOT be focused on obesity as the by-product will be a lowering in obesity levels. This is NOT our issue, the issue is generations of people failing to actually to consume single ingredient foods and combinations of them. The majority of a westerners diet is processed, long life and packed full of chemicals. This trend must change!

There are many things that need addressed and I’m in the process of putting together an initiative to get this ball well and truly rolling. It still remains a roundtable of strategies and potential approaches but once again, as a united front I truly believe we can change this.

1. Weiss B. Food additives and environmental chemicals as sources of childhood behaviour disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 1982, 21:144-152.

2. Needleman HL and others The long-term effects of exposure to low doses of lead in childhood: an 11 year follow-up report. New England Journal of Medicine, 1990, 322:83-8.

3. Jacobson JL and others. Effects of in utero exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and related contaminants on cognitive functioning in young children. Journal of Pediatrics, 1990, 116:38-48.

4. Feldman RG and others. Neurotoxic effects of trichloroethylene in drinking water. In ‘The vulnerable brain and environmental risks, vol 3, Toxins in air and water’, ed RL Isaacson and LK Jensen, Plenum Press, NY 1994, 48.

5. Report on leaked EPA document concerning dioxin toxicity, New Scientist, vol 166, issue 2240, p.19.

6.Bennett CPW and others. The Shipley Project: treating food allergy to prevent criminal behaviour in community settings. Journal of Nutritional & Environmental Medicine, 1998, 8, 77-83.

A READING LIST

Posted on by Phil Learney in GENERAL STUFF, NUTRITION, TRAINING | 1 Comment

 

A lot of people ask me about literature I would recommend to them so I just grabbed SOME of my most ‘go to’ books on my bookshelf piled them on my desk (nearly broke the glass) and decided I’d list them for you, the description that Amazon has given them and a link to the book on amazon (click the picture). This is by no means a comprehensive list and only a few of my collection. A nice mix of topical books though.

So…from the top:

SPORTS TRAINING PRINCIPLES

Dr Frank W. Dick

Written by world renowned coach and President of the European Athletics Coaches Association, Frank Dick, Sports Training Principles is the ultimate reference on training theory and practice for all coaches responsible for developing athletes to fulfil their performance potential. It covers: anatomy and basic biomechanics; energy production systems; psychology, learning procedures and technical training; performance components – strength, speed, endurance and mobility; training cycles, periodization, adaptation to external loading and coaching methods.

PHYSIOLOGICAL BASES OF SPORTS PERFORMANCE

Mark Hargreaves

Physiological Bases of Sports Performance takes an in-depth look at how the body responds to high physical activity in exercise and sport, and on how to enhance performance through a variety of physiological techniques, such as training, nutrition and cryogenic aids. The book covers the basic elements of physiology and explains the effects of sport on those areas. The second section on improving sport performance provides a practical angle that will be useful for sports coaches and athletes. Key Features: · Provides the basics of physiology in context of athletes and people performing high physical activity · Practical and academic information for students, sports people and sports medicine practitioners · Covers a cross section of different methods of enhancing performance · Draws on an international selection of contributors at the forefront of their respective fields.

TRANSFER OF TRAINING IN SPORT

DR Anatoly P.Bondarchuk

This book is 199 pages of some of the most comprehensive ideas on strength training. It has been translated by Dr. Michael Yessis. Highly recommended for all advanced strength coaches.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SECRETS OF RUSSIAN SPORTS TRAINING

Michael Yessis

The Secrets of Soviet Sports Fitness and Training, published in 1987, tells the story of Soviet sports success in the Olympic Games and World championships. It describes the key factors of the Soviet system of training athletes — a system that is still unsurpassed by any country in the world — not even after the country was dismantled.

Now, after 21 years, an updated version of this book is available. In addition to the original, an addendum has been added to each chapter to bring it up to date with the advances that have been made since the first printing. More information from practicing Russian coaches as well as from the literature has been included. Also added are results from application of Russian methods by coaches who have incorporated one or more aspects of their system.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

RUSSIAN SPORTS RESTORATION AND MASSAGE

Michael Yessis and Mel Siff

One of the biggest problems facing athletes and coaches today is how to recover from a training session. The faster the recovery, the harder, longer and more frequent training can occur. In this book you will learn about the best methods of recovery and how to implement them. You will learn how they are to be administered and when they should be used in relation to the type of training session.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PHYSIOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE

Jack H Wilmore

Physiology of Sport and Exercise, Fourth Edition stands alone as the best, most comprehensive resource framing the latest research findings in a reader-friendly format. This winning combination makes it easier and more engaging than ever for students to develop their understanding of the body’s marvellous abilities to perform various types and intensities of exercise and sport, to adapt to stressful situations and to improve its physiological capacities.This new edition presents the complex relationship between human physiology and exercise in a format that is more comprehensive for students than other comparable texts. Ease of reading and understanding is the cornerstone for this popular text and students will experience a depth and breadth of content balanced with unique and effective learning features. The authors, all distinguished researchers, combine their expertise to deliver a level of technical content superior to that in previous editions with the inclusion of new and updated topics. This book includes new information regarding exercise training principles and the adaptations in muscle, hormonal control, neural control, metabolism and cardio-respiratory function with both resistance training and aerobic and anaerobic training. It presents a more in-depth presentation of the body’s adaptations in hot and cold environments and at altitude.It describes the latest research in exercise prescription for health and fitness, including the unique role of physical activity for rehabilitation and the prevention and control of cardiovascular disease, obesity and diabetes. It includes an instructor guide specifically developed for lecturers. The guide includes sample lecture outlines, key points, student assignments, sample laboratory exercises and direct links to detailed sources on the Internet for every chapter in the text. It also includes a test package, which helps instructors create print versions of their own tests by selecting from a question pool of over 1,800 questions; create, store and retrieve their own questions; select their own test forms and save them for later editing or printing; and, export the tests into a word-processing programme.It also includes a presentation package which includes a comprehensive series of 700 PowerPoint slides. Learning objective slides present the major topics covered in each chapter, text slides list key points and illustration and photo slides contain graphics found in the text. Instructors can easily add, modify, or rearrange the order of the slides.It also includes an online student study guide!This new edition includes an online study guide with dynamic and interactive learning activities, all of which can be conducted outside the lab. The site offers self-rating checklists that allow students to target concepts they need extra help with and unique “My Notes” study aids that students can edit and save. Activity feedback presents specific text page references to review for incorrect responses. Additional resources in the online study guide include glossary terms that are emphasised on their first appearance, pop-up definitions, quizzes that test students’ knowledge of the material and links to professional journals. Organisation and career information extends students’ knowledge beyond the learning environment.

HIGH PERFORMANCE SPORTS CONDITIONING

Bill Foran

This work is a guide to building athletic performance. It follows the same progression as a sound conditioning programme, first testing and building up the nine essential fitness components, next tailoring the training exercises and drills to the development of sport-specific performance factors. Finally periodizing the training programme precisely for peak performance at critical points in the competitive season and, if necessary, using a safe and effective reconditioning regimen to bring an athlete back from injury.

ADVANCES IN FUNCTIONAL TRAINING

Mike Boyle

In the seven years since the publication of his first book, Functional Training for Sports, new understanding of functional anatomy created a shift in strength coaching. With this new material, Coach Boyle presents the continued evolution of functional training as seen by a leader in the strength and conditioning field.

LOW BACK DISORDERS

Stuart McGill

Access the latest research and applications to build effective prevention and rehabilitation programs for your patients or clients with “Low Back Disorders: Evidence-Based Prevention and Rehabilitation, Second Edition”. Internationally recognized low back specialist Stuart McGill presents original research to quantify the forces that specific movements and exercises impose on the low back, dispels myths regarding spine stabilization exercises, and suggests prevention approaches and strategies to offset injuries and restore function. “Low Back Disorders: Evidence-Based Prevention and Rehabilitation, Second Edition”, presents a clear exposition of back anatomy and biomechanics and demonstrates how to interpret the latest research on low back involvement for clinical applications. The text also contains detailed information on injuries associated with seated work and sport and ergonomic issues related to manual handling of materials. With “Low Back Disorders: Evidence-Based Prevention and Rehabilitation, Second Edition”, you will gain valuable information on measured loading of the back during specific activities and apply it to avoid common, but counterproductive practices in back rehabilitation; learn how to analyze each patient’s or client’s unique physical characteristics and lifestyle factors to tailor preventive measures and treatments to individual needs; learn how to help patients and clients progress through the stages of rehabilitation: corrective exercise, stability or mobility, endurance, and strength; and acquire the information necessary to design an effective injury-prevention program. This fully updated second edition expands knowledge of low back disorders and best practices in several areas. Enhanced algorithms guide progessive therapeutic exercise, and specially designed patient assessment provocation tests aid you in determining the cause of back troubles, guide your choices in the best ways to eliminate problems, and improve the development of appropriate activities for functional gain. Whereas the first edition focused on increasing spine stability, the second edition provides new information on dealing with both regional instability or mobility and regional stiffness present in individuals where most of the motion occurs at a single spinal segment. With an expanded repertoire of pain-free motion exercises and additional information on ways to find and adjust stabilization exercises, “Low Back Disorders: Evidence-Based Prevention and Rehabilitation, Second Edition”, offers you new tools to help your patients and clients achieve pain-free exertion. The text includes exercises and activities that provide a solid foundation of physical work in preparation for more advanced activities in sports and occupations. Also, the process of transitioning into performance exercise is outlined with an explanation of the critical stages of the performance pyramid, including the design of appropriate corrective exercise, building joint and whole-body stability, enhancing endurance, training true strength, and transitioning to ultimate performance. “Low Back Disorders: Evidence-Based Prevention and Rehabilitation, Second Edition”, presents foundational information and corresponding clinical applications in a clear, well-sequenced format. Part I builds your knowledge of lumbar function and injury. Part II demonstrates how to use this knowledge to build evidence-based injury-prevention programs by assessing risks, creating ergonomic interventions, and training personnel. Part III focuses on improving rehabilitation techniques, including specific diagnostic and provocative tests, with specific therapeutic exercises proven to enhance performance and reduce pain through a continuum from corrective exercise to stability and mobility, endurance, strength, and power. Additionally, the text offers practical features to guide your learning and inform your practice: through more than 475 photos, graphs, and charts support the research and the scientific basis for the text’s conclusions. More than 50 tests and exercises with step-by-step instructions help you develop successful programs for your patients and clients, special sections highlight how the anatomical, biomechanical, and research results can be applied to clinical situations. Cutting-edge research and evidence-based application strategies from the leading spine specialist in North America make “Low Back Disorders: Evidence-Based Prevention and Rehabilitation, Second Edition”, the authoritative text for study, care, and treatment of the low back. Its unique approach to back care will guide you in developing intervention, rehabilitation, and prevention programs to address the unique needs of each patient or client and develop a strong scientific foundation for your practice.

SUPERTRAINING

Yuri V. Verkhoshansky, Mel Siff
The shock method * The development of adaptation process during the long term sport activity * The “compensatory adaptation” * Current Adaptive Reserve of the human organism * The strategy to manage the adaptation in the training process * The specificity of protein synthesis in the adaptation process * The structural reconstructions during the adaptation process and the phenomenon of Supercompensation * Heterochronism of adaptive reconstructions * The function efficiency in a high – adapted organism * The optimal regime of adaptation * The phenomenon of immune defence decrease * The general schema of adaptation process during the sport activity * The practical aspects of the Adaptation Theory * The future developments of the use of Adaptation Theory in sport This book is a must have for any athlete or coach. Every topic is covered in almost 600 pages. * Strength and the muscular system * Philosophy of physical training * The muscle complex * Adaptation and the training effect * Sport specific strength training * Factors influencing strength production * The means of special strength training * The methods of special strength training * Organization of training * Strength training methods * Designing sports specific strength programs * Restoration and stress management * Combination of resistance methods * The use of testing * Overtraining * PNF as a training system * Models for structuring the annual training * Preparedness and the training load * Periodisation as a form of organization * Plyometric

PERIODISATION TRAINING FOR SPORTS

Tudor Bompa

Sports conditioning has advanced tremendously since the era when a “no pain, no gain” philosophy guided the training regimens of athletes. Dr. Tudor Bompa pioneered most of these breakthroughs, proving long ago that it’s not only how much and how hard an athlete works but also when and what work is done that determines the athlete’s conditioning level.

In “Periodization Training for Sports,” Bompa demonstrates how to use periodized workouts in order to peak at optimal times by manipulating six different training phases: anatomical adaptation, hypertrophy, maximum strength, conversion to power, maintenance, and transition. Coaches and athletes in 32 sports have at their fingertips a proven program that is sure to produce the best results. No more guessing about preseason conditioning, in-season workloads, or appropriate rest and recovery periods; now it’s simply a matter of identifying and implementing the information in this book.

Presented in a useful format with plenty of ready-made training schedules, “Periodization Training for Sports” is your best conditioning planner if you want to know what works, why it works, and when it works in the training room and on the practice field. Get in better shape next season, and see the benefits of smarter workouts in competition.

ESSENTIALS OF SPORTS NUTRITION AND SUPPLEMENTS

Jose Antonio

This volume is a comprehensive textbook for the undergraduate course in sports nutrition. Focusing on exercise physiology, this text is to be used in a certification course sponsored by the International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN).

SPORTS BIOMECHANICS

Dr. Anthony J. Blazevich

For coaches, athletes and students of biomechanics, the new edition of Sports Biomechanics: The basics answers real-world questions in sports using easily comprehensible language and clear and concise diagrams. Each chapter is devoted to answering questions in a single area of sports biomechanics with the scientific underpinnings of sports performance clearly explained. Biomechanics is simply the science of ‘mechanics’, a particular section of physics, as it relates to the human body. In the sport sciences, biomechanists do just about everything, including improving aerodynamics of vehicles, improving swim stroke technique to maximise swimming propulsion, and optimising running technique to increase running speed or efficiency. Biomechanics is a core subject on all sports science courses, and undergraduates must complete this module in their first (and often second) year. Because of the use of maths and physics to explain biomechanical concepts, students often find it difficult to grasp the basic elements of biomechanics. Anthony Blazevich’s book is designed to explain to students the key concepts of biomechanics, using clear examples, tying all theory to practical examples to help students relate the biomechanics principles to improving in their coaching and performing.

MOVEMENT

Gray Cook

Movement is a vivid discovery, a fundamental and explicit teaching in which the return to basics takes on a whole new meaning. In it, author Gray Cook crosses the lines between rehabilitation, conditioning and fitness, providing a clear model and a common language under which fitness and rehabilitation professionals can work together. By using systematic logic and revisiting the natural developmental principals all infants employ as they learn to walk, run and climb, Gray forces a new look at motor learning, corrective exercise and modern conditioning practices. The discoveries, lessons and approaches you’ll learn * How to view and measure movement quality alongside quantity * How to ascertain dysfunctional patterns with the Functional Movement Screen * What clinicians need to know about the Selective Functional Movement Assessments * When to apply corrective strategies and how to determine which strategies to use * How to map movement patterns and understand movement as a behavior and not just as a mechanical idea This book is not simply about the anatomy of moving structures. Rather, it serves a broader purpose to help the reader understand authentic human movement, and how the brain and body create and learn movement patterns. Our modern dysfunctions are a product of our isolated and incomplete approaches to exercise imposed on our sedentary lifestyles. A return to movement principles can create a more comprehensive exercise and rehabilitation model, a model that starts with movement.

SCIENCE AND PRACTICE OF STRENGTH TRAINING

Vladimir M. Zatsiorsky

This book is for those readers interested in muscular strength and ways to enhance its development. It is developed from the vast experience of both authors, who bring to the text documented experiences of more than 1,000 elite athletes, including from Olympic, world, continental and US national record holders. Written for the practitioner, it provides a straightforward examination of the fundamental concepts and principles readers need to understand in order to make decisions on what might be appropriate in the programme design for their athletes. The integration of coaching theory and scientific underpinnings in this new edition continues to promote a more sophisticated approach to strength training.

ANATOMY TRAINS

Thomas W Myers

Understanding the role of fascia in healthy movement and postural distortion is of vital importance to bodyworkers and movement therapists. “Anatomy Trains: Myofascial Meridians for Manual and Movement Therapists” presents a unique whole systems view of myofascial/locomotor anatomy in which the bodywide connections among the muscles within the fascial net are described in detail for the first time. Using the metaphor of railway or train lines, Myers explains how patterns of strain communicate through the myofascial webbing, contributing to postural compensation and movement stability. Written in a style that makes it easy to understand and apply, “Anatomy Trains” provides an accessible and comprehensive explanation of the anatomy and function of the myofascial system in the body. The DVD ROM in the back of the book contains video of techniques, Anatomy Trains-based dissections and computer animations of the myofascial meridian lines.

WILLIAMS TEXTBOOK OF ENDOCRINOLOGY

Shlomo Melmed

The latest edition of “Williams Textbook of Endocrinology” edited by Drs. Shlomo Melmed, Kenneth S. Polonsky, P. Reed Larsen, and Henry M. Kronenberg, helps you diagnose and treat your patients effectively with up-to-the minute, practical know-how on all endocrine system disorders. Comprehensive yet accessible, this extensively revised 12th Edition updates you on diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity, thyroid disease, testicular disorders, and much more so you can provide your patients with the most successful treatments. You can find scientific insight and clinical data interwoven in every chapter, reflecting advances in both areas of this constantly changing discipline, and presented in a truly accessible format. You’ll also access valuable contributions from a dynamic list of expert authors and nearly 2.000 full-color images to help you with every diagnosis. Along with convenient online access, this title has everything you need to manage any and all the clinical endocrinopathies you may encounter.

ESSENTIALS OF STRENGTH TRAINING AND CONDITIONING

Thomas Baechle and Roger Earle

Now in its third edition, Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning is the most comprehensive reference available for strength and conditioning professionals. In this text, 30 expert contributors explore the scientific principles, concepts, and theories of strength training and conditioning as well as their applications to athletic performance. Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning is the most-preferred preparation text for the Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialist (CSCS) exam. The research-based approach, extensive exercise technique section, and unbeatable accuracy of Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning make it the text readers have come to rely on for CSCS exam preparation. The third edition presents the most current strength training and conditioning research and applications in a logical format designed for increased retention of key concepts. The text is organized into five sections. The first three sections provide a theoretical framework for application in section 4, the program design portion of the book. The final section offers practical strategies for administration and management of strength and conditioning facilities. Section 1 (chapters 1 through 10) presents key topics and current research in exercise physiology, biochemistry, anatomy, biomechanics, endocrinology, sport nutrition, and sport psychology and discusses applications for the design of safe and effective strength and conditioning programs. Section 2 (chapters 11 and 12) discusses testing and evaluation, including the principles of test selection and administration as well as the scoring and interpretation of results. Section 3 (chapters 13 and 14) provides techniques for warm-up, stretching, and resistance training exercises. For each exercise, accompanying photos and instructions guide readers in the correct execution and teaching of stretching and resistance training exercises. This section also includes a set of eight new dynamic stretching exercises. Section 4 examines the design of strength training and conditioning programs. The information is divided into three parts: anaerobic exercise prescription (chapters 15 through 17), aerobic endurance exercise prescription (chapter 18), and periodization and rehabilitation (chapters 19 and 20). Step-by-step guidelines for designing resistance, plyometric, speed, agility, and aerobic endurance training programs are shared. Section 4 also includes detailed descriptions of how principles of program design and periodization can be applied to athletes of various sports and experience levels. Within the text, special sidebars illustrate how program design variables can be applied to help athletes attain specific training goals. Section 5 (chapters 21 and 22) addresses organization and administration concerns of the strength training and conditioning facility manager, including facility design, scheduling, policies and procedures, maintenance, and risk management. Chapter objectives, key points, key terms, and self-study questions provide a structure to help readers organize and conceptualize the information. Unique application sidebars demonstrate how scientific facts can be translated into principles that assist athletes in their strength training and conditioning goals. Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning also offers new lecture preparation materials. A product specific Web site includes new student lab activities that instructors can assign to students. Students can visit this Web site to print the forms and charts for completing lab activities, or they can complete the activities electronically and email their results to the instructor. The instructor guide provides a course description and schedule, chapter objectives and outlines, chapter-specific Web sites and additional resources, definitions of primary k

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